gcse-physics-aqa-paper-2-solution Archives - Fridge Physics

gcse-physics-aqa-paper-2-solution

Pressure in a Gas

Gas Pressure is created when gas particles collide with the walls of their container. The more often the particles collide with the walls, and the faster they are moving, the greater the pressure.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the gas pressure in enclosed spaces depending on the containers volume.

Note-Some mobile devices may require you to tap full screen during playback to view video content.

The formula for this equation is written like this:

$pV = { \text K}$

Chilled practice question

Copy out the question and attempt to calculate the answer before watching the solution. Write down the equation and show all of your working, remember to add the units to your answer, this routine will guarantee you maximum marks in an exam. Mark your solution and correct if needed.

A gas in a sealed container has a volume of 12 m3. The pressure of the gas is 80 Pa. The volume of the container is increased and the pressure falls to 60 Pa. What is the new volume of the container ? The temperature of the gas remains unchanged.

Frozen practice question

Copy out the question and attempt to calculate the answer before watching the solution. Write down the equation and show all of your working, remember to add the units to your answer, this routine will guarantee you maximum marks in an exam. Mark your solution and correct if needed.

The volume of a gas is reduced from 10 m3 to 2.5 m3 . The original pressure is 200 Pa. Calculate the new pressure.

Science in context

Pressure in a gas is caused when gas particles collide with the walls of their container. The more often the particles collide with the walls, and the faster they are moving when they do this, the greater the pressure. This is why the pressure in a tyre goes up when more air is pumped in.

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Wave Speed

Wave speed is given in meters per second (the number of waves that pass per second). Wavelength is measured in meters and frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), or number of waves per second.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the speed of a wave.

The equation for this calculation is written like this:

$v = { \text f \; \text x \; \lambda }$

Chilled practice question

Calculate the velocity of a wave with a wavelength of 6 m and a frequency of 50 Hz

Frozen practice question

Find the velocity of a wave which has a time period of 10 s and a wavelength of 24 m, you will need to calculate the frequency from the wave period equation first.

Science in context

Wave speed is given in meters per second (the number of waves that pass per second). Wave Speed = Frequency x Wave length. Wavelength is measured in meters and frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), or number of waves per second.

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Turning Moments

The size of the turning effect is called a turning moment. As Newton’s first law of motion states, an object will remain at rest if the forces are balanced. When the sum of the forces add to zero, a body will remain at rest or move at a constant velocity.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the moments and apply the results to a real life situation for example forces acting on a see-saw.

The equation for this calculation is written like this:

$M = { \text F \; \text x \; \text D}$

Chilled practice question

The anticlockwise moment is is 75 Nm. What distance from the pivot must you place a 2.5 Kg mass for the clockwise and anticlockwise moments to equal ? Take gravity as 10N\Kg

Frozen practice question

You sit 2 m away from the pivot on a see-saw and your weight is 500 N. Your friend has a mass of 25 Kg. How far away from the pivot on the other side should they sit for the see-saw to balance ? Take gravity as 10N/Kg

Science in context

The size of the turning effect is called a turning moment.
Turning moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot.
As Newton’s first law of motion states, an object will remain at rest if the forces are balanced.
When the sum of the forces add to zero, a body will remain at rest or move at a constant velocity.

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Moments

Forces can cause an object to rotate and the turning effect of the force is called a moment. If a resultant force acts on an object about a fixed turning point called the pivot or fulcrum it will cause the object to rotate e.g. using a spanner, a screwdriver, opening a door hanging on hinges.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the moment in a real life example.

The equation for this calculation is written like this:

$M = { \text F \; \text x \; \text D}$

Chilled practice question

A 5 N force is applied to a spanner 15 cm from the pivot. Calculate the moment.

Frozen practice question

A screwdriver was used to open a tin of paint with a moment of 1.5 Nm exerted 25 cm from the pivot. What force was being applied ?

Science in context

Forces can cause an object to rotate and the turning effect of the force is called a moment. If a resultant force acts on an object about a fixed turning point called the pivot or fulcrum it will cause the object to rotate e.g. using a spanner, a screwdriver, opening a door hanging on hinges. M = F x d, where M = the moment of a force (Nm), F = force applied (N) and d (m) is the distance from the pivot or fulcrum.

Millie’s Master Methods

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Force on a Spring

When a force acts on a spring it is stretched or compressed, its length will changes by an amount e from its original length.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the force on a spring given its extension and spring constant.

Note-Some mobile devices may require you to tap full screen during playback to view video content.

The equation for this calculation is written like this:

$F = { \text k \; \text x \; \text e}$

Chilled practice question

Copy out the question and attempt to calculate the answer before watching the solution. Write down the equation and show all of your working, remember to add the units to your answer, this routine will guarantee you maximum marks in an exam. Mark your solution and correct if needed.

A spring is stretched 0.25 m, it has a spring constant of 20 N/m, calculate the force on the spring.

Frozen practice question

Copy out the question and attempt to calculate the answer before watching the solution. Write down the equation and show all of your working, remember to add the units to your answer, this routine will guarantee you maximum marks in an exam. Mark your solution and correct if needed..

A force of 10 N is applied to a spring and it extends by 20 cm, calculate its spring constant.

Science in context

When a spring is stretched or compressed, its length will changes by an amount x from its original length,  force  F = ke. The force the spring exerts is its restoring force, it acts to restore the spring to its original length.

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Pressure

Pressure can be calculated if you know the force applied to or by an object and the contact area. The units are newtons per square meter, or N/m2.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the pressure exerted by an object if you have been given the force applied to the object and given area.

The equation for this calculation is written like this:

$P = { \text F \; \text / \; \text A}$

Chilled practice question

The base of a brief case has an area of 25 cm 2 and a mass of 5 Kg. Calculate the pressure exerted by the briefcase when placed on a surface. Take the force of Gravity as 10N/Kg.

Frozen practice question

An elephant exerts a pressure of 53500 N/m2 one of its feet has an area of 0.15 m2. Calculate the mass of the elephant. Take the force of Gravity as 10N/Kg.

Science in context

Pressure can be calculated if you know the force applied and the area using the physics equation, P = F/A. Pressure is equal to force divided by area, units are newtons per square meter, or N/m2.

Millie’s Master Methods

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Force, Mass and Acceleration

An object of constant mass accelerates in proportion to the force applied.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the force applied to an object if you are given its mass and acceleration.

The equation for this calculation is written like this:

$F = { \text m\; \text x \; \text a}$

Chilled practice question

Calculate the force applied to cannon ball which accelerates at 7m/s2 which has a mass of 5 Kg.

Frozen practice question

A rocket has a driving force of 15 N and a mass of 250 g. Calculate the acceleration of the rocket.

Science in context

Force (N) = mass (kg) × acceleration (m/s²). Therefore, an object of constant mass accelerates in proportion to the force applied.

Millie’s Master Methods

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Forces and Work Done

The unit for work done is the joule (J), or Newton meter (N-m). One joule is equal to the amount of work that is done when 1 N of force moves an object over a distance of 1 m.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the work done to move an object through a known distance.

Note-Some mobile devices may require you to tap full screen during playback to view video content.

The formula for this equation is written like this:

w = f x d

Chilled practice question

Copy out the question and attempt to calculate the answer before watching the solution. Write down the equation and show all of your working, remember to add the units to your answer, this routine will guarantee you maximum marks in an exam. Mark your solution and correct if needed.

How much work has been done if a car is pushed along the road 550 cm with a force of 400 N ?

Frozen practice question

Copy out the question and attempt to calculate the answer before watching the solution. Write down the equation and show all of your working, remember to add the units to your answer, this routine will guarantee you maximum marks in an exam. Mark your solution and correct if needed.

75 J of work is done pulling a trolley 150 cm. Calculate the force applied.

Science in context

Work can be calculated with the equation: Work = Force × Distance. The unit for work is the joule (J), or Newton • meter (N • m). One joule is equal to the amount of work that is done when 1 N of force moves an object over a distance of 1 m.

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Momentum

All moving objects have momentum. Forces can cause changes in momentum. The total momentum in a collision or explosion is conserved and stays the same. Car safety features absorb energy involved in a crash they slow down the collision thus reducing the force of impact.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the momentum in a moving object.

The equation is written like this:

$P = { \text m\; \text x \; \text v}$

Chilled practice question

Calculate the momentum of a 1200 Kg vehicle travelling at 5 m/s.

Frozen practice question

A girl has a mass of 60 Kg. How fast is she moving if her momentum is 240 Kgm/s ?

Science in context

All moving objects have momentum. Forces can cause changes in momentum. The total momentum in a collision or explosion is conserved and stays the same. Car safety features absorb energy involved in a crash they slow down the collision thus reducing the force of impact.

Millie’s Master Methods

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Change in Momentum

All moving objects have momentum. Forces can cause changes in momentum. The total momentum in a collision or explosion is conserved and stays the same. Car safety features absorb energy involved in a crash they slow down the collision thus reducing the force of impact.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the change in momentum and the affect it has on impact forces.

The equation is written like this:

$F = { mv \unicode{x2013} mu \over \text{t}}$

Chilled practice question

Calculate the force acting if there is a change in momentum from zero to 168 Kgm/s for 7 s.

Frozen practice question

A 50 kg gymnast is thrown in the air and travels at 5 m/s. The contact time to throw the gymnast is 0.5 seconds. Calculate the force acting on the gymnast.

Science in context

.All moving objects have momentum. Forces can cause changes in momentum. The total momentum in a collision or explosion is conserved and stays the same. Car safety features absorb energy involved in a crash they slow down the collision thus reducing the force of impact.

Millie’s Master Methods

The Fridge Physics Store

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