edexcel-combined-1-and-9-paper-5-solution Archives - Fridge Physics

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Wave Speed

Wave speed is given in meters per second (the number of waves that pass per second). Wavelength is measured in meters and frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), or number of waves per second.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the speed of a wave.

The equation for this calculation is written like this:

$v = { \text f \; \text x \; \lambda }$

Chilled practice question

Calculate the velocity of a wave with a wavelength of 6 m and a frequency of 50 Hz

Frozen practice question

Find the velocity of a wave which has a time period of 10 s and a wavelength of 24 m, you will need to calculate the frequency from the wave period equation first.

Science in context

Wave speed is given in meters per second (the number of waves that pass per second). Wave Speed = Frequency x Wave length. Wavelength is measured in meters and frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), or number of waves per second.

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Force, Mass and Acceleration

An object of constant mass accelerates in proportion to the force applied.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the force applied to an object if you are given its mass and acceleration.

The equation for this calculation is written like this:

$F = { \text m\; \text x \; \text a}$

Chilled practice question

Calculate the force applied to cannon ball which accelerates at 7m/s2 which has a mass of 5 Kg.

Frozen practice question

A rocket has a driving force of 15 N and a mass of 250 g. Calculate the acceleration of the rocket.

Science in context

Force (N) = mass (kg) × acceleration (m/s²). Therefore, an object of constant mass accelerates in proportion to the force applied.

Millie’s Master Methods

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Kinetic Energy

In physics, the kinetic energy (KE) of an object is the energy that it has due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed for an object of a known mass to accelerate to a given velocity.

What is Kinetic energy?

In physics, the kinetic energy (KE) of an object is the energy that it has due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed for an object of a known mass to accelerate to a given velocity.

Kinetic energy equation

To calculate Kinetic energy we write the equation like this.

$E_k = { 1 \over2} mv {^2}$

Kinetic energy demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the energy stored in a moving object.

Chilled practice question

Copy out the question and attempt to calculate the answer before watching the solution. Write down the equation and show all of your working, remember to add the units to your answer, this routine will guarantee you maximum marks in an exam. Mark your solution and correct if needed.

Calculate the Kinetic energy store in a car with a mass of 850 Kg moving at a velocity of 3.5 m/s.

Frozen practice question

Copy out the question and attempt to calculate the answer before watching the solution. Write down the equation and show all of your working, remember to add the units to your answer, this routine will guarantee you maximum marks in an exam. Mark your solution and correct if needed.

A meteorite has 8000 J of Kinetic energy, calculate its mass if it has a velocity of 20 m/s

Science in context

Anything that is moving has energy in its kinetic energy store.

Millie’s Master Methods

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Half Life

The radioactivity of a sample decreases over time. Half life is a measurement of this decrease.

What is Half life?

The radioactivity of a sample decreases over time. Half life is a measurement in this decrease.The half–life of a radioactive substance is a constant for each radioactive material. It measures the time it takes for a known amount of the substance to become reduced by half due to radioactive decay, and therefore, the emission of radiation.

Half life demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the half life of a radioactive material.

Chilled practice question

The activity of a radio-isotope is 1536 cpm. What is its activity after five half lives?

Frozen practice question

A radio-isotopes activity falls from 1880 cpm to 235 cpm in 72 minutes. Calculate it’s half life.

Science in context

The radioactivity of a sample decreases over time. Half life is a measurement of this decrease

Millie’s Master Methods

The Fridge Physics Store

Gravitational Potential Energy

Lifting an object in a gravitational field transfers energy into the objects gravitational energy store. Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has due to its height above Earth.

What is Gravitational potential energy?

Lifting an object in a gravitational field transfers energy into the objects gravitational energy store. Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has due to its height above Earth. The equation for gravitational potential energy is GPE = mgh, where m is the mass in kilograms, g is the gravitational field strength (9.8 N/Kg on Earth), and h is the height above the ground in meters.

Gravitational potential energy equation

To calculate Gravitational potential energy we use this equation.

$E_p = mgh$

Gravitational potential energy demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the energy stored in an elevated object.

Chilled practice question

Copy out the question and attempt to calculate the answer before watching the solution. Write down the equation and show all of your working, remember to add the units to your answer, this routine will guarantee you maximum marks in an exam. Mark your solution and correct if needed.

A barrel is lifted onto a shelf 3.5 m from the ground. The barrel has a mass of 22 Kg. Calculate the energy in its G.P.E store.

Frozen practice question

Copy out the question and attempt to calculate the answer before watching the solution. Write down the equation and show all of your working, remember to add the units to your answer, this routine will guarantee you maximum marks in an exam. Mark your solution and correct if needed.

A ski lift transfers 11 KJ of energy into a mans G.P.E energy store. The man has a mass of 55 Kg, calculate the height he was elevated.

Science in context

Lifting an object in a gravitational field transfers energy into the objects gravitational energy store.

Millie’s Master Methods

The Fridge Physics Store

Efficiency

The efficiency of a device is the proportion of input energy that is converted to useful energy.

What is Efficiency?

The efficiency of a device is the proportion of input energy that is converted to useful energy. Efficiency is a measure of how much work or energy is conserved in an energy transfer, work or energy can be lost, for example as wasted heat energy. The efficiency is the useful energy output, divided by the total energy input, and can be given as a decimal always less than 1 or a percentage. No machine is 100% efficient.

Efficiency equation

To calculate Efficiency we use this equation.

$efficiency = {\text{useful energy output} \over\text{total energy input}}$

Efficiency demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate how efficient a device is at transferring energy from one form to another.

Chilled practice question

Calculate the efficiency of a light bulb with a total input energy of 500 J. The bulb emits 200 J of light energy and 300 J of heat energy.

Frozen practice question

A tumble drier is 80% efficient. Its useful energy is 45 KJ what is the total input energy in Joules.

Science in context

The efficiency of a device is the proportion of the total input energy that is converted to useful energy.

Millie’s Master Methods

The Fridge Physics Store

Momentum

All moving objects have momentum. Forces can cause changes in momentum. The total momentum in a collision or explosion is conserved and stays the same. Car safety features absorb energy involved in a crash they slow down the collision thus reducing the force of impact.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the momentum in a moving object.

The equation is written like this:

$P = { \text m\; \text x \; \text v}$

Chilled practice question

Calculate the momentum of a 1200 Kg vehicle travelling at 5 m/s.

Frozen practice question

A girl has a mass of 60 Kg. How fast is she moving if her momentum is 240 Kgm/s ?

Science in context

All moving objects have momentum. Forces can cause changes in momentum. The total momentum in a collision or explosion is conserved and stays the same. Car safety features absorb energy involved in a crash they slow down the collision thus reducing the force of impact.

Millie’s Master Methods

The Fridge Physics Store

Change in Momentum

All moving objects have momentum. Forces can cause changes in momentum. The total momentum in a collision or explosion is conserved and stays the same. Car safety features absorb energy involved in a crash they slow down the collision thus reducing the force of impact.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the change in momentum and the affect it has on impact forces.

The equation is written like this:

$F = { mv \unicode{x2013} mu \over \text{t}}$

Chilled practice question

Calculate the force acting if there is a change in momentum from zero to 168 Kgm/s for 7 s.

Frozen practice question

A 50 kg gymnast is thrown in the air and travels at 5 m/s. The contact time to throw the gymnast is 0.5 seconds. Calculate the force acting on the gymnast.

Science in context

.All moving objects have momentum. Forces can cause changes in momentum. The total momentum in a collision or explosion is conserved and stays the same. Car safety features absorb energy involved in a crash they slow down the collision thus reducing the force of impact.

Millie’s Master Methods

The Fridge Physics Store

Uniform Acceleration

Uniform or constant acceleration is a type of motion in which the velocity of an object changes by an equal amount in every equal time period.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate uniform acceleration.

The equation is written like this:

${ \text v^{2} \; \text – \; \text u^{2} \; \text = \; \text 2as}$

Chilled practice question

A racing car travelling at 20 m/s decelerates uniformly at 1.5 m/s2 towards a slip road 100 m away. Calculate its velocity when it reaches the slip road.

Frozen practice question

A ball is dropped 12 m from the top of a building. Calculate the velocity of the ball when it hits the ground. Ignore any value for air resistance. Acceleration due to gravity is 9.8m/s2

Science in context

Uniform or constant acceleration is a type of motion in which the velocity of an object changes by an equal amount in every equal time period.

Millie’s Master Methods

The Fridge Physics Store

Acceleration

Acceleration is how quickly the velocity is changing whether it be speed, direction or both. Acceleration is a measure of how quickly the velocity of an object is changing.

Demo

In this tutorial you will learn how to calculate the acceleration of a moving object.

The equation is written like this:

$a = { v \unicode{x2013} u \over \text{t}}$

Chilled practice question

Calculate the acceleration if the velocity increases from 4 m/s to 76 m/s in 8 s.

Frozen practice question

How long does it take for the velocity of a bus to increase from 12 m/s to 20 m/s if it is accelerating at 4 m/s2.

Science in context

Acceleration is how quickly the velocity is changing whether it be speed, direction or both.

Millie’s Master Methods

The Fridge Physics Store

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